The Kytherians in Smyrna who immigrated from the second half of the 18th century and remained there until the Catastrophe (1922) present an exciting journey that made them unique in this area. The current edition is divided into three parts: The First Part is dedicated to the transition of the Greeks to Ionia and especially to Smyrna; important milestones in the political, economic, social, and cultural life of this place are described. In the Second Part, focusing on the Kytherians, their transitions to Smyrna are analyzed (a) with information derived from passports, electoral registers, and ship departure records to Ionia (b) the presence of the Kytherians and their professional occupation in Smyrna (c) the organizational structure of the Kytheraic Brotherhood, which showed significant activity, and the religious celebrations in honor of Panagia Myrtidiotissa (d) the human geography of nine regions of the Smyrna Prefecture, where there was a significant concentration of Kytherians and (e) information about prominent Kytherian families and individuals, whose presence and actions gained international recognition in the sciences, literature, and culture. The Third Part concerns the refugees as a whole who sought refuge in Greece and faced problems of settlement and economic and social integration in our country. Special mention is made of the Kytherian refugees in Kythera, in the Municipality of Evosmos in Thessaloniki, and in the Municipality of Kaisariani in Athens.