The book presents and interprets the history of the broader Middle East region within the framework of Arab-Islamic history from the beginnings of Islam (late 6th century) until the Ottoman conquest of the region and its incorporation into the Ottoman Empire (1517). Based on original sources and offering an interpretation from within Arab-Islamic history, the author narrates and analyzes the developments that transformed a small, local community of believers into one of the greatest political and state entities that ever existed in human history. The book focuses its historical research on the events and transformations concerning peoples, societies, and states in the Middle East. The book aims to satisfy the needs of Greek-speaking students and researchers of Middle Eastern history during the medieval and early modern periods. It serves as a useful and reliable tool for studying and researching in the field of Middle Eastern studies in Greece.