The main subject of political theory is the critical examination of the nature and purposes of the state. Political theory, since ancient times, attempts to understand the functioning of the state and the institutions that constitute it, but at the same time it also raises the question of how the state as a collective life entity and the individual institutions could be improved to better serve their purposes. This reflection creates an inherent critical dynamic as a defining element of the work of political theory.

This dynamic is contributed by the book "Modern Political Theory" with the analysis of the theories of Social Contract, as conceived by Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, as well as with the development of utilitarian liberalism, as represented by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Finally, in the sixth edition, a third part titled "Freedom and Modernity" was added to complete the overview of the theories of political freedom, which appeared as intellectual and political expressions of the rise of modernity in Western society (see Montesquieu, Benjamin Constant, and Alexis de Tocqueville).

The theory of the state, the theory of property, natural and moral freedom, the theory of utility, the ideal of utilitarian democracy, the French Enlightenment, the foundations of democracy are thoroughly and clearly analyzed, resulting in the book "Modern Political Theory" having great educational value.