This study (which was approved with distinction as a doctoral thesis by the School of Philosophy of the University of Athens) focuses on an original, groundbreaking Greek ideological movement, Communalism. The communal ideas, which are currently at the forefront of the agenda in the United States thanks to the work of A. Etzioni, had already emerged in Greece at the beginning of the last century. The Greek communal movement of ideas is mainly expressed by four thinkers: Ion Dragoumis, who first presented communities as cells of the social and political life of the nation, Konstantinos Karavidas, who presented a comprehensive communal worldview, Dinos Malouchos, who published the radical journal "Koinotis" during the Interwar period, and Dimosthenis Daniilidis, who historically justified communities with his sociological work. These thinkers do not form a school in the strict sense of the term, due to their strong individuality. However, their interactions were strong, both on a personal and ideological level, as were their eclectic affinities. Therefore, the author studies and analyzes the internal structure of this movement of ideas, its position in the world of modern Greek thought, its political expressions and alliances, and its various short-term and long-term effects.

Furthermore, the distortions that these ideas suffered due to ideological or personal motives are examined. In addition to the systematic cataloging and classification of the work of Greek communalists and the utilization of previously unknown primary material, the reader will find in this study a complete, original biography of K. Karavidas, which proves the consistency between his ideas and his life; the unknown personality of Dinos Malouchos, who started as a Marxist agricultural student in Italy, was recruited to communalism by Karavidas, but brought significant elements of Marxism to communal thought, only to die at a young age of thirty-one; the experiential relationship of D. Daniilidis with communalism, as the starting point of his multifaceted life was the Greek communities of Cappadocia; the effort of Ion Dragoumis to apply his communal ideas in Macedonia during the Macedonian Struggle and in Constantinople during the Young Turk Revolution; the formation by communalists of original methodological and conceptual tools for the correct approach to modern Greek reality; an extremely original and radical critique of Greek political and intellectual life; finally, an interesting comparison of Greek communalism with similar European and American movements of ideas, highlighting the uniqueness of the Greek model, which is due to the influence of the ideal of ancient Greek city-state as well as the absence of Western-style industrial transformation from Greek social development.