The second volume is a continuation of the first volume of the book. The first volume refers to basic theoretical issues that constitute the core of reflection in the field of teaching natural sciences and shape the interpretive and guiding framework for formulating teaching proposals, which are reflected in the second volume. Specifically, the second volume focuses on the transformation of scientific knowledge into school knowledge. That is, in this volume, the educational reconstruction of the scientific content of the natural sciences is attempted in order to transform it into content compatible with the age, cognitive, and socio-cultural level of the students. It is addressed to teachers of the last grades of primary school and teachers of secondary school. The teaching proposals, where necessary, vary according to the level of education.

In particular, the second volume presents examples-scenarios of teaching progression from 5 thematic units: Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Electricity, Optics, and Biology. Each thematic unit includes 4 parts: a) a very brief reference to the relevant concepts (the scientific content); b) a brief historical overview of the development of the relevant scientific concepts from early reflections to the present; c) presentation and commentary on the (alternative) ideas expressed by the students for the respective concepts, which reflect everyday thinking and are often incompatible with scientific thinking; and d) proposals for the teaching progression of the reconstruction of these ideas, and subsequently the construction of the relevant scientific knowledge in its school version. In this last part, the specific characteristics that characterize the teaching of each of the presented thematic areas are presented, the proposed actions of the teacher, and the students' worksheets.