This book includes the general principles that govern the science of agriculture and the basic principles of cultivation of large-scale crops. It is useful for students and researchers in Agricultural Sciences, but also necessary for those involved in agriculture in general. The eleven chapters of the book include: the basic principles of agriculture, the most important crops in Greece and worldwide, the basic categories of large-scale crops and their basic anatomy characteristics, the basic elements of plant physiology, the most important abiotic factors that affect their development, soil processing methods, the basic principles of plant nutrition and fertilization, seed quality and sowing methods, cultivation systems, harvesting methods, and storage methods of large-scale crop products, while the last two chapters refer to Genetically Modified Plants and their use in agriculture and present the effects of climate change on agriculture.