In our days, there are ongoing research programs aiming to detect certain messages that may be sent by advanced extraterrestrial civilizations. If we manage to receive such signals or discover bacterial life somewhere in the universe, we will be faced with fundamental questions regarding the origin and purpose of life. Distinguished author Paul Davies examines the hypotheses related to these investigations and analyzes the profound consequences that the realization of not being alone in the Universe will have on our science, religion, and worldview.