This book focuses on five personalities (Iakovos Pitsipios, Alexandros Rangavis, Dimitrios Vikelas, Giannis Psycharis, Giannis Apostolakis) who colored the period 1830-1930 and went against the current, but also on those who through their cosmopolitanism tried to promote positive models of modernization, acting and development for Greek society. Of course, it does not aspire to present in detail the developments in the prose of the long 19th century, but to highlight certain forgotten aspects of it, which today may be relevant, shedding a different light on the intellectual life of the new Greek state in its first century of existence and bringing its heterogeneity to the forefront. In this way, the intellectual figures of this period are highlighted, who communicated fruitfully with the international political and intellectual events, people of letters who were open to the circulation of ideas and texts, being well acquainted with the European intellectual tradition.