From the Interwar period until today, the "critical theory" or "Frankfurt School" has continued to provide fruitful stimuli for the formation of a social theory capable of providing a reliable description of the given and the prospect of a possible liberating change. The texts in this volume constitute a first, comprehensive and pluralistic Greek contribution to the theoretical discussion surrounding this important theoretical-scientific endeavor, a discussion that continues unabated internationally. The sections of the volume reconstruct the development of critical theory from the early work of Horkheimer to Adorno and then to Habermas' communicative theory, while simultaneously tracking the shifts in its fundamental problematization. All the texts in the volume are permeated by the same concern for the future of "critical theory," and by the same impetus for re-examining tradition in light of the new theoretical and practical tasks posed by contemporary reality.