Already Nietzsche's early writings reveal that the central object of his reflection is ancient Greek drama. In light of Schopenhauer's metaphysical and aesthetic theory, Nietzsche deals with the peak and decline of Attic tragedy as a decisive chapter in the history of Western civilization. Tragedy, according to the philosopher, is the product of the synthesis of two very particular elements, the "Apollonian" and the "Dionysian", and constitutes a complete work of art, a composition of poetry, plastic arts, dance, and music. This synthesis, according to Nietzsche, is the highest achievement of the Greek spirit.

The essay "The Dionysian Worldview" is the text in which Nietzsche introduces and analyzes in depth for the first time the famous concepts of the "Apollonian" and the "Dionysian". With the help of these concepts, he highlights the central idea that governs the art of the two great classical dramatists of Antiquity, Aeschylus and Sophocles. He emphasizes the particular importance of the arts, especially music, in dramatic works. Furthermore, he provides a brief exposition of the basic principles of a general theory regarding the arts and language. This concise text presents Nietzsche's interpretation of tragedy and art in their genesis and formation.