The three-volume "History of Sexuality" ("The Will to Knowledge", "The Use of Pleasure", "The Care of the Self") extends the research of the books "The Archaeology of Knowledge" and "Surveillance and Punishment". In the third volume, Foucault takes us on a journey to the golden age of Rome, to reveal a subtle but decisive change in the gaze of sexual pleasure in relation to ancient Greece. Through the analysis of texts on dream interpretation, medicine, and philosophy, such as Artemidorus, Galen, Plutarch, and Pseudo-Lucian, Foucault traces the changes that occur during this period, which bring us closer to the forthcoming decisive perceptions of Christianity. The French philosopher observes that sexual practice is disconnected from its close relationship with the political sphere, a connection that characterizes ancient Greek beliefs about sexuality, without overlooking the importance of collective beliefs for the respective choices of sexual practices, as the individual continues to be influenced by them. Although he recognizes that sexuality is not yet a source of evil, Foucault identifies the intense concern caused by the treatment of the body and carnal pleasures. He also notes the elevation of the marital bond and the position of women within it, as well as the devaluation of love for boys. He describes the formation of a new sexual ethics which, through self-control and self-discipline, focuses on self-care, that is, the formation of personality and an art of living that befits an individual capable of assuming political responsibilities within the City.