An in-depth study on the origin and components of the Muslim minority in Western Thrace. Recording the issues that led to measures in favor of the minority by the Greek State and presenting Decision 4/2005 of the Plenary Session of the Supreme Court in a case that, beyond its many legal parameters, is characterized on the one hand by political extensions related to Greece's international relations, but also tests the certainties of our society regarding its cultural - and not only that - homogeneity.