"Dispute with Eberhard" is Kant's public response to the severe criticism of Johann August Eberhard, a philosophy professor at Halle, against transcendental philosophy, and at the same time a concise but comprehensive exposition of the most important problems of the Critique of Pure Reason.

It is a polemical text that refutes the claims of dogmatic metaphysics, which are based solely on misunderstandings or distortions of the positions of the Critique, and on sophistic reasoning aimed at canceling "if possible with a single blow of the Critique, opening the way to an unlimited dogmatism of pure Reason." In order to "extend knowledge to the supersensible," Eberhard seeks to gain "access to the fertile fields of rational Psychology and Theology, which the Medusa of Critique wanted to prevent," making logical leaps "like the conjurers of Metaphysics" and confusing "logical propositions with transcendental propositions."

By condemning "this arrogant charlatanism," the "Dispute" captures the conflict between dogmatic rationalism and critical philosophy, clarifying the main epistemological assumptions of criticism that distance it from traditional metaphysics.