- Magician-Doctor (10,000 BC)
- Surgical sutures (3000 BC)
- Bloodletting (1500 BC)
- The pulmonary circulation of al-Nafis (1242)
- Biological weapons (1346)
- Leonardo's anatomical drawings (1510)
- Classification of brain nerves (1664)
- Separation of conjoined twins (1689)
- Autopsy (1761)
- Causes of cancer (1761)
- Hospitals (1784)
- Liberating the insane (1793)
- Alternative medicine (1796)
- Hysterectomy (1813)
- Medical specialization (1830)
- Subcutaneous syringe (1853)
- Antiseptics (1865)
- Modern brain surgery (1879)
- Health insurance (1883)
- Cocaine as a local anesthetic (1884)
- Discovery of viruses (1892)
- Radiotherapy (1903)
- Genes and determination of sex (1905)
- The 1906 Meat Inspection Act (1906)
- Investigations into the soul (1907)
- Human growth hormone (1921)
- Medical self-experimentation (1929)
- Jung's analytical psychology (1933)
- Informed consent (1947)
- The cause of sickle cell anemia (1949)
- The structure of DNA (1953)
- Birth control pill (1955)
- Placebo effect (1955)
- Levodopa for Parkinson's Disease (1957)
- Laser (1960)
- Angioplasty (1964)
- Computed Axial Tomography (CAT) (1967)
- Reverse transcription and AIDS (1970)
- Statins (1973)
- Near-death experiences (1975)
- The first test tube baby (1978)
- Laparoscopic surgery (1981)
- Gene therapy (1990)
- Robotic surgery (2000)
- Face transplantation (2005)
- Human cloning (2008)
- And many more